Case Law Updates

Federal Court: Where the Minister is not obliged to, and does not, provide reasons for a decision: does a submission to the Minister provided by the Department necessarily constitute the Minister's reasons if the decision was recorded on the front page of the submission?; how can a court determine whether the Minister's decision was legally unreasonable?; can it be inferred that the Minister considered the Department's submission? Generally speaking, what are the matters an administrative decision-maker must take into account in exercising a discretion?

Federal Court. Appellant had to satisfy the following time of application criterion under cl 890.211 of Sch 2 to the Migration Regulations 1994 (Cth): "The applicant has had, and continues to have, an ownership interest in 1 or more actively operating main businesses in Australia for at least 2 years immediately before the application is made". She also had to satisfy the following time of decision (TOD) criterion under cl 890.221: "The applicant continues to satisfy the criteria in clauses 890.211...". A delegate of the Minister refused to grant the visa and the Appellant applied to the Tribunal for merits review. Should the Tribunal determine the TOD by reference to the time of the delegate's decision? Or should it determine the TOD by reference to the time of its own decision?

Federal Court. Does FCA have jurisdiction to review a delegate's decision to refuse under s 501CA(4) to revoke the mandatory cancellation of a visa made under s 501(3A)? Can the self-represented Applicant's notice of appeal from the Minister's decision be treated, in substance, as: a notice of appeal from the Tribunal's decision; including an application for a time extension under s 477A(2)(a)? How should the FCA approach poorly-cast grounds of judicial review? Is the Tribunal required to conduct hearings in person?

Federal Court. Can it be said in the context of s 477(2) of the Migration Act 1958 (Cth) that "a court determining an application for extension of time commits jurisdictional error whenever it omits to recite and deal with each explanation for delay"? Does the requirement that an error be material in order to be a jurisdictional error, as identified in Hossain, apply to a decision of the Federal Circuit Court under s 477(2) as much as it does to an administrative decision maker?

Federal Court (Full Court). Does the subject matter of s 501 of the Migration Act 1958 (Cth) deals completely, and thus exclusively, with the subject matter of PIC 4003(b) of Schedule 4 to the Migration Regulations 1994 (Cth), with the result that PIC 4003(b) detracts from or impairs the operation of s 501?

Federal Court (Full Court). Section 116(1)(e) called for the consideration of future possibilities which proceeded by drawing inferences from known facts and "reasonable conjecture within the parameters set by the historical facts". To these considerations should the following ones be added as legitimate bases for the assessment process: "common sense, a reasonable appreciation of human experience, and personal knowledge or specialised knowledge of the Minister or his or her Department"?

Federal Court (Full Court). Was the Full Court's decision in CWY20 contradicted by the High Court's decision in Plaintiff M1-2021 v Minister for Home Affairs [2022] HCA 17?

Federal Court: "the information before the Tribunal ... contained some hearsay rather than firsthand information". Can administrative decision-makers accept hearsay?

Federal Court. Minister made determination under s 26(3) of Australian Citizenship Act 2007 that Applicant could not make pledge of commitment before a certain date. In the absence of express or implied exclusion of the common law rules of procedural fairness, do those rules generally apply when a decision affects a person's right, property or interest? Did the Act expressly or impliedly exclude those rules?

Federal Court. Did the primary judge err in: refusing to provide written reasons following delivery of his ex tempore reasons; communicating that he had no power to publish written reasons? If so to the latter question, does that error invalidate the primary judge’s exercise of judicial power? Does the primary judge’s indication that he would not settle a form of written reasons mean that he failed to give reasons? Can an incomplete transcript of oral reasons be relied upon as reasons of the Court?