Case Law Updates

Federal Court (Full Court). Although the chapeaux in cl 12(1) of Direction No 79 refers to a decision whether to cancel a visa, is that clause about whether to refuse a visa? Does the principle in Australia according to which imprisonment is a last resort necessarily apply in other countries? Can it be said that "the length of a prison sentence imposed by courts in some foreign jurisdictions may not accurately reflect the severity of the offence when assessed by reference to sentencing principles applied by Australian courts"?

Federal Court (Full Court). If a non-citizen makes representations under s 501CA(4)(a) within the period specified by the legislation and the Minister (or Tribunal) makes a decision under s 501CA(4)(b) on the merits of the case on the assumption that the representation is validly made, but the period fixed in the invitation issued under s 501CA(3)(b) is incorrect, is that decision nevertheless valid? In other words, will an error in the date fixed in the invitation justify the grant of remedies by a court only if the error is material?

OMARA's decision summary: "the Agent was complicit in fraudulent conduct in the creation of companies that the Agent knew, or should have reasonably known, were not lawfully operating in Australia but were registered for the purposes of obtaining immigration outcomes for his clients for which they were not genuinely entitled".

Federal Court. In relation to Direction 79, can it be said that "the requirement to ‘generally’ give greater weight to the primary considerations means that there must be some matter specific to the circumstances of the case for giving one of the other considerations greater weight than any of the primary considerations before that can occur"? If so, must the whole case under consideration must be out of the ordinary or unusual? Can it be said that "the precise circumstances which led to the issue of materiality not being in issue may be relevant to whether the Court can proceed on the basis that there is no issue as to materiality"?

Federal Court: Before appeal proceedings at FCA finalised, Callinan AC prepared a Report on the AAT, which included the following passage: "[the MRD Legal Services Section of the AAT has] prepared from time to time “templates” of determinations. I am told that at one stage, this section either volunteered to, or otherwise sought, and did in fact, “check” decisions by Members, on occasions requesting, if not almost insisting, upon changes beyond proofing changes". Appellants sought leave to issue a subpoena to MRD Legal Services Section to produce all documents exchanged with Member which could constitute legal advice. In support of leave application, Appellants' solicitor claimed Member's Linkedin profile revealed Member was legally qualified but "did not have a background in legal practice", thus supporting inference Member received legal advice. If Member received legal advice, did that vitiate AAT's decision?

Federal Court. Are administrative decision-makers "bound to address claims for protection arising from the facts as articulated by the applicant or as fairly arising from the material as presented"?

High Court: Plaintiff sentenced to imprisonment for life, with a non-parole period. Just before plaintiff became eligible to apply for parole, legislation changed in a way that his eligibility was severely constrained. Did the legislative change represent resentencing or repunishment, thus offending the separation of powers? Does the fact that the legislative change expressly singled out the plaintiff have any bearing on how that question should be answered? If the legislation was valid, could migration legislation also validly single out an individual?

Federal Court (Full Court). Cl 485.222: "Each degree, diploma or trade qualification used to satisfy the Australian study requirement is closely related to the applicant’s nominated skilled occupation". This decision concerned cl 485.213(b), which was drafted in identical terms. Can it be inferred from those provisions "that an assessment of the visa applicant’s skills for his or her nominated skilled application could be based on an assessment of the applicant’s qualifications obtained overseas and need not necessarily include any qualification obtained in Australia"? In reaching its conclusion at [47], the Tribunal had only considered ANZSCO's occupational description and the minor group in ANZSCO which included that occupation. Was it a jurisdictional error for the Tribunal to ignore the higher ANZSCO levels, namely the sub-major group and the major group?

Federal Court. Was the Minister's choice of what factors to take into account for the purposes of assessing the national interest under s 501BA(2)(b)...

Federal Court. Where the Minister by his or her conduct invites further submissions for the purpose of exercising the personal power in s 501BA(2) of the Migration Act 1958 (Cth), is the Minister thereafter compelled to consider that material, even though s 501BA(3) provides that the rules of natural justice do not apply to s 501BA(2)?